Monday, March 28, 2011

The sounds of Sanskrit

off and on I try to read Wendy Doniger's translation of Rig Veda and cannot make much sense of it. Apparently this is a common problem according to Karen Thomson and Jonathan Slocum in Ancient Sanskrit Online:
"The Rigveda stands alone; unlike Old English it has not come down to us together with any artifacts that we know to be dateable to the same remote period in time. But it constitutes a considerable body of material, and remarkably, given its antiquity and importance, it remains largely undeciphered. This course has been written primarily to give access to the text to scholars from other disciplines, and to provide the means for a fresh approach to the decipherment of the earliest Indo-European poems.....
For much of its history this body of poetry was passed down orally. Even following the general introduction of writing, some time before the 3rd century BC, there was a strong reluctance to write down this sacred and cabalistic text, which was the exclusive and secret property of an elite. The date of the earliest written text that has come down to us, from which all others derive, is characteristically unknown. It is a 'continuous' text -- in Sanskrit, saṃ-hitā 'placed-together' -- in which adjacent sounds combine with each other across word boundaries according to strictly applied phonetic rules. This combining of sounds is known as sandhi, from the Sanskrit saṃ-dhi 'placing-together' (see section 7). A second ancient text, the pada or 'word' text, which gives all the words separately in their original form, appears to have been compiled at around the same time. The surviving manuscripts of these two texts in the Devanāgarī script were edited and published in a definitive edition by Max Müller in the second half of the nineteenth century. It was clear to Max Müller that the 'continuous' text obscured the original form of these poems. In 1869 he wrote, "if we try to restore the original form of the Vedic hymns, we shall certainly arrive at some kind of Pada text rather than at a Sanhitā text; nay, even in their present form, the original metre and rhythm of the ancient hymns are far more perceptible when the words are divided, than when we join them together throughout according to the rules of Sandhi." But it was not until 1994 that the metrically restored text, in a modern transliterated form, was published by the American scholars Barend van Nooten and Gary Holland. For the first time in its history, the Rigveda was clearly revealed, on the printed page, as poetry.

Van Nooten and Holland's edition has unfortunately been out of print for some years. In order to make the metrically restored text universally available, we have produced an edited online version, The Rigveda: Metrically Restored Text."
May be there is some hope. In another article on Sanskrit:
"Vedic Sanskrit had a retroflex lateral approximant (/ɭ/) (ळ) as well as its aspirated counterpart /ɭʰ/ (ळ्ह), which were lost in Classical Sanskrit, to be replaced with the corresponding plosives /ɖ/ (ड) and /ɖʰ/ (ढ). (Varies by region; vedic pronunciations are still in common use in some regions, e.g. southern India, including Maharashtra.)
The pronunciations of syllabic /ɻˌ/ (ऋ), /lˌ/ (लृ) and their long counterparts no longer retained their pure pronunciations, but had started to be pronounced as short and long /ɻi/ (रि) and /li/ (ल्रि). (Varies by region; vedic pronunciations are still in common use in some regions, e.g. southern India, including Maharashtra)"
In alanguage in which pronounciation is impoertant, particularly of ancient texts, this seems a strange development. Probably, I will never be able to read Rig Veda.

3 comments:

Anand Morakhia said...

Hello,
can u plz explain to me the meaning of this sanskrit shloka-


dhyaan dhupam,
manah pushpam,
panchendriya hutasanam,
kshama, jaap, santosh, puja;
poojo dev niranjanam

amorakhia@yahoo.com

gaddeswarup said...

No idea. I was trying read the English translation of Rig Veda some time ago. I only know Telugu and English.

eldar108 said...

http://in.answers.yahoo.com/question/index?qid=20110328022127AAR19xc

It is a prayer,

My meditation is the incense stick ,
My mind is the flower I offer,
My five panchendriays will be the resting place for you.
Mercy is my recitation
With happiness I worship you, lord......